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Get help with access Institutional accessĪccess to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. The chapter concludes with an assessment of government efforts against organized crime, noting that one of the reasons for the existence of organized crime was the failure of local municipalities and the national government to take effective enforcement action against it.

It also reviews the history of the West Side Bloc, a group of elected public officials who supported the efforts of organized crime in Chicago, and how it contributed to the rise of racket subcultures in Chicago's “street crew” neighborhoods. It then considers the often confusing relationship between the Outfit and narcotic trafficking, along with the role that African Americans played in Outfit activities, including policy gambling and the distribution of heroin in the black community. It begins with a discussion of the Outfit's takeover of all illegal gambling in Chicago as well as its connection with Chicago mayor Ed Kelly and the political protection given to vice activities in Chicago. This chapter examines the activities of organized crime in Chicago after 1950, with particular emphasis on the Chicago Outfit.

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